The psychological effects of pain: when the mind influences the body
We often think of pain as a purely mechanical phenomenon. Yet pain is as much mental as it is physical. Our perception of pain depends not only on the signals sent by our nerves, but also on our state of mind, our emotions and our stress levels.
How the brain transforms a signal into pain
When our body detects a potentially dangerous stimulus-an object that’s too hot or a surface that’s too sharp-specialized receptors called nociceptors are activated. They then send electrical signals to the brain, but at this stage, it’s not yet pain. These signals simply inform the brain of a potential danger, such as the intense heat of a tray coming out of the oven.
Only once the message has been interpreted by the brain does it become a painful sensation. In response, our body reacts immediately: we remove our hand from the hot tray before we even think about it consciously.
Why does the state of mind influence pain?
Since pain is a construct of the brain, it is influenced by a number of psychological factors. Our emotions, thoughts and stress levels play a key role in how we feel a given pain.
Let’s take a concrete example: a person who has had a stressful day and feels overwhelmed by his or her responsibilities will perceive more intense pain than a relaxed person. If these two people stub their toe against a door with the same force, the one under stress will probably feel more pain than the one who has just enjoyed a relaxing day.
Mental well-being
Stress and negative thoughts amplify the perception of pain. Fortunately, although we can’t always control life’s events, we do have the power to influence our mental well-being.
Adopting strategies such as relaxation, meditation or exercise can help alleviate pain. Physical activity, for example, stimulates the production of endorphins, the happy hormones that act as a natural painkiller.
By taking care of our mind, we help our body to better manage pain. All the more reason to cultivate positive thoughts and incorporate moments of relaxation into our daily lives!
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Ashleigh Stavrou
Physiotherapist
