What is plagiocephaly?
Plagiocephaly is a head deformity observed in infants. It is characterized by a flattening of one side of the skull, which can be worrying for parents. Although it may seem worrying, plagiocephaly is generally benign and can be effectively corrected with appropriate treatment.
Causes of plagiocephaly
The main cause of plagiocephaly is the pressure exerted on one side of the skull when the infant remains in the same position for a long time. Particularly on the back. The recommendation to put babies to sleep on their backs to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is often the cause. However, there are other causes that can favor the appearance of this deformity:
– Prolonged positioning in the same direction: If a baby spends a lot of time in a crib or seat, this can create constant pressure on the same side of the head.
– Neck muscle weakness or retraction: Some infants may have weak neck muscles, making it more difficult to rotate the head and alternate positions.
– Multiple pregnancies: Twins or triplets may be more prone to plagiocephaly due to restricted space in the uterus.
– Fetal position: Babies in a breech position in the uterus are at increased risk of plagiocephaly.
– Premature birth: Premature babies have a more fragile head and less muscle tone, making them more susceptible to plagiocephaly.
– Family factors: Some studies suggest that a genetic predisposition may play a role in the onset of plagiocephaly.
The role of physiotherapy in treatment
Physiotherapy is an effective way of treating plagiocephaly. A specialized physiotherapist can recommend exercises. These exercises will aim to improve neck mobility, reduce muscle tension and encourage better posture. Neck rotation exercises, changes in sleeping position and gentle manipulation can help correct the deformity. In some cases, professionals use a corrective helmet to gradually reshape the skull.
Possible long-term effects:
aesthetically, persistent skull asymmetry may remain visible into adulthood. Especially if the plagiocephaly is severe. This asymmetry can also affect other facial features, such as the position of the eyes, ears or jaw. In addition to these aesthetic considerations, functional impacts can occur. For example, untreated plagiocephaly can lead to jaw alignment problems. This can lead to pain or difficulty chewing.
Finally, the psychological and social repercussions should not be overlooked. Visible asymmetry of the skull or face can affect self-esteem and may lead to social judgments.
Why consult a physiotherapist?
It’s important to note that plagiocephaly can be effectively prevented and managed. Early treatment often results in rapid and complete recovery. The sooner follow-up begins, the easier it is to correct the deformity and avoid long-term complications. Parents can prevent plagiocephaly by varying their child’s sleeping positions, encouraging tummy time when awake, and using babywearing. In some cases, professionals recommend joint follow-up with an osteopath or chiropractor to optimize treatment.
To find out more about preventing plagiocephaly, see this article on https://www.inspq.qc.ca/mieux-vivre/bebe/sommeil/prevention-tete-plate
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